A total of 29% of the world population consists of adolescents, and 80% of them live in developing countries. Based on the census in Indonesia in 2005, the number of adolescents aged 10-19 years is approximately 41 million people (20% of the total population of Indonesia in the same year). In this globalization era, many challenges to be faced by the teenagers who live in big cities in Indonesia, not least who live in rural areas, such as the increased demands of high school, access to communication / internet that is free, and also broadcast both written and electronic media . They are required to deal with these conditions either positive or negative, whether it comes from within themselves or from the environment. Thus, adolescents should have a range of skills in their lives so that they can succeed through this phase to the optimum.
Adolescence is a tumultuous time. At this time the mood (mood) can change very quickly. Changes in mood (swing) which drastically on these teenagers often because the burden of homework, school work, or daily activities at home. Although teenagers are easy mood change rapidly, it is not necessarily a symptom or a psychological problem. In terms of self-awareness, in adolescence, the adolescent experience dramatic changes in their self-awareness (self-awareness). They are very vulnerable to other people's opinions because they assume that everyone else always admired or criticized them as they admire or criticize themselves. This assumption was made very concerned teenagers themselves and reflected image (self-image). Adolescents tend to consider themselves very unique and even believe their uniqueness will end with success and fame.
Girls will primp for hours in front of the mirror because he believed
people would glance at and interested in beauty , being young would
imagine he admired the opposite sex if he looks unique and " great " . At the age of 16 years and older , adolescents eccentricity will lose its charge if he is often faced with the real world . At
that time , teens will begin to realize that other people have a poorer
world unto itself, and not always the same as that facing , or even
thinking. Teen assumption that they always noticed by others and then be without merit . At this time , adolescents begin confronted with reality and dreams and challenges to adjust their imagination with reality . The
teens also often consider themselves all- capable , so that they often
look " do not think of as a result " of their actions . Impulsive
actions often do , partly because they are not aware and not take into
account the result of the usual short-term or long-term .
Adolescences
are given the opportunity to account for their deeds , will grow into
adults who are more cautious , more self-confident , and able to be
responsible . Self-confidence and sense of responsibility is what is needed as a basis for positive identity formation in adolescents . Later , he will grow up with a positive assessment on yourself and respect for others and the environment . Guidance
older people are needed by adolescents as a reference how to deal with
the problem as a " new person " ; various advice and a variety of ways
will be sought to try. Teenagers would imagine what it would be done by the " idol " of her to resolve the issue that way . The selection of this idol will also be very important for teenagers . Of
the several dimensions of the changes that occur in adolescents as
described above it is possible - possible behavior that could occur in
the future . Among them is the behavior that invites risk and negative impact on adolescents . Behavior
that invites risk in adolescence ie such as the use of alcohol ,
tobacco and other substances ; social activities change - changing
partners and behaviors against dangers such as motor racing , hiking
etc. . The
reason there is a risk behavior that invites a wide - range and phobias
associated with the dynamics behind ( conterphobic dynamic ) , fear of
things that are considered undervalued , it is necessary to affirm
masculine identity and group dynamics such as peer pressure .
Adolescence is a critical period in the development cycle of a person . In this period many changes in a person as a preparation for adulthood . Teenagers can not say as a little boy , but he also can not be said as an adult . This happens because in this period was explosive changes in both biological changes , psychological , and social change . In
an ' all-round responsibility ' is often triggered conflict between
adolescents with himself ( internal conflict ) , and the conflict
surrounding environment ( external conflict ) . If the conflict is not resolved properly it will
have negative impacts on adolescent development in the future ,
especially the maturation of his character and not infrequently lead to
mental disorders .To prevent the negative impact of the introduction should be done early ( early detection ) changes and identify the characteristics of adolescents with multiple risk factors and protective factors so that teens can go through this period with optimal and it is capable of becoming a mature adult individuals either physical or psychological .
This article is taken from the website of the Indonesian Pediatric Association (idai.or.id). thank you
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